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31 December
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庸人自扰之

王在田

 

昨天的联合早报言论版刊登了于泽远的文章《岳飞不再是民族英雄?》,谈到“根据中国新出版的《全日制普通高级 中学历史教学大纲》(实验修订版),岳飞不应该再被称作‘民族英雄’”云云,仿佛中共政权冒天下之大不韪,公然挑战岳飞的民族英雄资格。其实这只不过是由 互联网上一群妄人闲人炒作起来的一个子虚乌有的话题,经过中国政府的澄清现已真相大白。

事情的起源是中国教育部在1996年颁布了一部《全日制普通高级中学历史教学大纲实验修订版》。这是中国教育 界的一个惯例,每隔几年就会重新审定教育大纲,试行一段时间后根据教学反响进行调整并颁布正式版,但往往正式版出来不久新一轮的审定又开始了,因此常常有 学生抱怨从小学到高中使用的课本永远是“试用版”。

颁布大纲的同时各省各级教育部门也会召集教育学家对新的大纲进行诠释,出版在教育体系内部发行的教学参考书,指导教师正确地理解《教学大纲》的精神从而提高教学水平。这种教学参考书体现了参与编纂的专家、学者对《教学大纲》的个人理解,而非《教学大纲》本身的内容。

“英雄风波”就发生在这个关节上。1996版《教学大纲》实验修订版颁布后,2000年出版了这样一本由历史特级教师余桂元主编的属于教参性质的《学习指导》,书中提到:

“我们只把那些代表整个中华民族利益,反对外来侵略的杰出人物如戚继光、郑成功等称为民族英雄,对于岳飞、文天祥这样的杰出人物,我们虽然也肯定他们在反对民族掠夺和民族压迫当中的作用与地位,但并不称之为民族英雄”。

很明显,这是余桂元个人对“民族英雄”这个概念的解释,可以看作是一种学术见解,复旦大学的谭其骧教授也曾经 发表过类似的感想。但这绝不是官方的定论。况且今年教育部刚刚出版了2002新版《教学大纲》,无论是1996版《教学大纲》还是2000版《学习指导》 都已成为古董,余桂元的这段话早已没有引用的必要,却偏偏在这个时候莫名其妙掀起了一股“英雄风波”。

先是一个不知是别有用心唯恐天下不乱,还是犯了爱国幼稚病愤世疾俗的网民断章取义地把余桂元有关“民族英雄” 的论述戴上“教学大纲”的帽子贴在一个专事传播小道消息的“多维新闻网”上,然后一群“逢共必反”的民运分子如获至宝,聒噪响应,加上大批不明真相又懒得 查清真相的网络用户盲目回应,一时群“闲”毕至、群情激愤,大有如丧考妣之痛、国将不国之忧。于是上至中共教育部长陈致立,下至教书匠余桂元,一个个都被 骂得狗血淋头。网络文化的恶质一面在这场闹剧中暴露无遗。

一言以蔽之:天下本无事,庸人自扰之!

 
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