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31 March
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李渊的血统问题

王在田

李渊的远祖是十六国时代西凉的李暠(据说李暠的远祖是李广,这我就不信了,就好像萧道成说其远祖是萧何,那个时代的档案记录早已荡然无存,谁能够证实?),当然是汉人。
西凉被北凉灭国,李氏向东迁徙,为鲜卑族的政权服务。当时鲜卑统治整个中国北部,并逐步被汉化,鲜卑贵族乐于同汉族大姓通婚,借以巩固其政权。
李渊的父亲李闼娶的就是鲜卑族太太独孤氏,这个独孤氏是隋文帝杨坚的皇后独孤氏的胞妹,所以李渊与隋炀帝杨广是表兄弟,这也是李渊逃过了杨广执政初期的大 清洗,并在杨广南巡时担任山西留守使这一重要边疆守备的根本原因。当时突厥是隋朝北部边境的心腹大患,必须派亲信将领统率大量部队镇守,这是李渊掌握兵权 的由来。
李渊之子李世民娶的也是鲜卑太太长孙氏。唐史中屡屡出现的长孙、独孤、元等等都是典型的鲜卑族姓氏。
总结:李渊与李世民都娶了异族妻子,也都有鲜卑族血统(我相信早在李渊之前其祖辈已经与鲜卑通婚了),这是毫无疑问的。但根据中国人的传统习惯,判别一个人是汉族还是异族,归根结蒂是看他的父系,所以李氏是汉人。
说李氏家族的突厥血统实在比较缺乏常识,当时突厥对于中国来说是新兴的外部力量,是真正具有威胁性的异族,李渊一辈子都在同突厥人较量(顺便说一句,倒霉 的李建成就是因为长期负责对突厥守备,没有机会参加中原战事,从而逐渐失去了人望并最终被东讨西杀出尽风头的弟弟李世民所杀),怎么会具有突厥血统呢?李 渊还一度俯首称臣借以换得突厥的马匹乃至雇佣军来进行内战,国内稳定后李世民则开始长期的军事战争以及政治分化,终于在唐高宗这一代基本平定了突厥,把东 突厥荡平;把西突厥逼到中亚去继续消灭东罗马帝国了。 而鲜卑事实上早已经被汉化了,由于大量与汉族通婚,他们逐渐被融入汉民族,陈寅恪(?)说唐朝的历 史有一半是由鲜卑或具有鲜卑血统的人创造的,这很有道理:大量的旧鲜卑贵族由于同李氏的血缘关系而方便的踏上政治舞台,同汉族人一起创造历史,并终究融合 在一起。

 
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