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21 September
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“专业”的三层境界

王在田

这年头,常常会听到这样的评价:某人做事很专业。那么究竟什么是“专业”呢?

上述语境中的“专业”,来自英语词汇professional。根据我的理解,“professional”这个词至少包含以下三层意思:

首先,它是指专业技能。英美的职业分类中有一大类叫做professional,译为“专业人士”,指医生、工程师、建筑师、律师、会计师、精算师、速记员等职业,他们的共同特征是:从业者接受过长期专业训练,具备特殊的专业技能,通常持有相关学位或证书。与行政、销售等职位不同,专业职位无法通过短期培训快速上岗,因此专业人士在劳动力市场中供应量相对稳定,地位也相对较高。

由“专业人士”引申开去,大多数职位都有各自的专业技能。评价一个人“专业”,首先是指他掌握了本职工作的特殊技能:外行干不了的,他能干成;外行费了九牛二虎之力糊弄出来的,他三下五除二就能鼓捣出来;外行勉强交货的,他能把活儿干得特别漂亮;外行做得七歪八斜时好时坏的,他能做得品相端正质量稳定。总之,专业技能就是能够以更高的效率创造更优质同时也更稳定的成果。

“专业”的第二层意思,是指专业精神。说到这里,先要提一下专业的反义词——“业余”。在英文里,amateur(业余)可不是个贬义词,它的本义是指发自内心的兴趣,并由这种兴趣产生的强大的驱动力。因此,一名专业男高音也许不如一位业余歌唱爱好者热爱声乐艺术,一名专业西饼师也许不如一位业余烹调爱好者那样以烤蛋糕为乐。

但是,专业人士的强项在于事业心,他们对事业的正确态度并非完全源于兴趣爱好,而是出于认真负责的专业精神。由于剔除了个人喜好成分,在各种不利的环境或条件下,一名专业人士都能够运用其专业技能交出令人满意的成果。用大白话来说:专业人士不会掉链子。

“专业”的第三层意思,是指专业操守。这层含义就更加宽泛了:比如,一名合格的会计师不该做假账,这无关会计工作的专业技能,而是会计师的基本操守;又如,法官应该独立秉公办案,不能因为受到行政压力或利益诱惑而违心枉法,这无关法律技能,却是我国司法工作者迫切需要提升的专业操守;再如,辞职之后,离职之前,主动做好工作交接与培训,停止使用原雇主的数据信息,避免发生利益冲突,这些做法无关专业技能,却是一名职场人士得以被称为“专业”的终极标准。

对照上文提到的三层境界,你,够专业吗?

 
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