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28 September
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180师扫盲贴

原志愿军180师宣传干事张泽石:哎呀,我每次到台湾去,我看到我的那些难友,真是,大家抱在一起,拥抱、干杯、流眼泪。完了以后说,哎呀几十年前我们在战俘营里,为了一个和我们毫不相干的主义,斗得死去活来,愚蠢透了。王老师给扫下盲:180师是中共建军以来唯一一个被整建制消灭的师。1951年5月,中方发动第五次战役第二波攻势,美方事后则称之为“五月大屠杀”。美军采用逐步撤退,保持接触,大量杀伤中国有生力量的战术,根据志愿军步行推进速度,每晚撤退20公里左右,进入前一天白天布置好的阻击圈,而志愿军夜间吭哧吭哧前进,在最疲劳的拂晓时分进入美军阻击圈,遭到强大的陆空协同打击,伤亡惨重。此外,战役一开始美军就空袭摧毁了志愿军的后勤基地,确保前线志愿军无法得到补给,只能靠出发时单兵携带的“肩上后勤”维持口粮与弹药。

中方发动攻势一周后,美军断定敌人已弹尽粮绝,遂发起反攻,依仗其机械化部队从两翼快速迂回包抄,围捕志愿军主力。最终志愿军退回原战线,并继续向北撤退40公里才稳住新的防线。第五次战役是朝鲜战场最后一次大规模运动战,此后志愿军无力再度发动战略攻势,只得依托朝鲜北部山地采取守势,两军进入对峙阶段。

这支倒霉的180师在志愿军全线溃退时的位置比较靠前,他周围的“友军”都隶属于其他兵团,纷纷按照各自兵团建制抱团撤退,没人来掩护180师的侧翼,而志司反而命令靠吃野菜野果充饥的180师孤军坚守汉江南岸渡口,掩护来自各个“友军”的伤员过江——志愿军司令员彭德怀来自一野,部队主力来自三野和四野,而180师是从驻守大西南的二野临时抽调过来的,各么你懂的!——再加上其师长是政工干部出身,不懂军事,“党性”倒很强,居然傻呵呵地等着志司给他规划撤退路线,各么180师的命运就可想而知了。

第五次战役中方公布的减员数字是八万多,180师损失近八千人,其中很大一部分被送进了巨济岛战俘营,在那里发生了投共投台之争,一度发生暴乱。历尽千辛万苦才争取到被遣送回大陆的志愿军战俘——包括这位张泽石老先生——回国后立即被再次投入集中营,审问其是否叛国投敌,回来当特务。这拨人后来被开除军籍,发配回原籍交当地政府严加看管、“控制使用”,度过仓皇而苍凉的余生。

 
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