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16 September
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传阅:东亚无战事 中国无外交

王烁

一、东亚无战事

在西太平洋,存在美韩、美日、美泰、美菲和美新五个军事同盟,有美国海军游弋其间。自黄海到南海,没有美国的同意,没有可能发生主权国家军舰舰队激烈交火的事情。至于舢板或渔政船级别的冲突,随便。

就算中日在东海出现舰队级战斗,如果不用陆基飞弹支援,能战胜否?如果陆基飞弹参战,能限制冲突规模否?如果战而不胜,能无虞否?

日本政府购岛,中国宣布领海基线。这一回合有两个共同点:对内各自激励国人;对外,此举与双方此前主权宣示保持一致,并未升级事态。东亚无战事,not even remotely。

我曾写过朝半岛分析《战争不是关键词》,聚焦不同,分析相通,可以参看。

二、中国无外交

从朝半岛一路向南至东盟,中国与近邻关系处于多年低点。领土问题摩擦点想解决几乎不可能,但要低调化完全可能。

中国与近邻关系的枢纽,不在中国与近邻的关系本身,而在中美关系。太平洋西岸的合纵应以跨太平洋的连横为先。

中国本世纪以来在近邻双边关系上寻求突破,在中美关系保持热度的10年间,一度成效斐然,特别在中国与东盟关系;但随着中美关系降温,中国与东盟国家领土摩擦升温,10年成果基本付诸东流,将来又要重新来过。

当前中美关系处于冰河期。2008年马英九胜选,台湾问题缓释,中美关系重大隐忧淡化,反恐战争后的中美战术性蜜月未结束,中国外部环境达到最好。奥巴马政权上台后,中美没有出现良性互动,G2成为泡影,转为向下的螺旋。当前中美仅在不得不合作时勉强合作,在一些重要国际议题上斗争,在其他大部分问题上各行其是。表面没有太坏,底下已入冰河期。

经贸向来是中美关系的中流砥柱,但经贸外交现在已力不从心。经贸外交对抗人权外交时期早已过去,双双淡出聚光灯。不独中美,通过中国与东盟自贸区谈判,中国给东盟给了多少经济好处?现在是剥下糖衣,炮弹还在。中日产业链互补,经贸威慑是七伤拳,伤人先伤己,净威慑有限。大国政治占据外交舞台中心的传统正在恢复,人权和经贸外交可用则用,别来抢镜。政治问题政治解决。

中美关系已经太复杂,有大国政治,有兴起国家与主导性国家的关系,有意识形态遗产,没有简单的相处之道,但可以使之不变得更复杂,更不需要类叙利亚因素来干扰。中国在叙利亚没有值得一提的战略利益,更无必要与任何国家的现有政权天然站在一起。俾斯麦说,战略不是下象棋,不能自我约束,说棋盘上有些格子是禁忌,不能去。真正的现实主义战略家(realist)必须保留所有选择。中国外交需要可以告别老朋友,何况本不是朋友。

 
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